CASA editors are reading the following Carbon Brief report, which provides a useful summary of what happened at COP25 in Madrid (N.B. Carbon Brief is not funded by the CASA programme). Like other resources on this website, we highlight the best robust and independent sources of analysis on the UNFCCC.  We recommend this report as a good overview of key issues and challenges at the talks and a resume of what needs to happen next.

In its in depth summary of COP25, Carbon Brief provides analysis of all the key outcomes in Madrid – both inside and outside the COP. We especially draw CASA readers’ attention to the summaries on loss and damage and finance.

Nearly 27,000 delegates arrived in the Spanish capital in early December aiming to finalise the “rulebook” of the Paris Agreement – the operating manual needed when it takes effect in 2020 – by settling on rules for carbon markets and other forms of international cooperation under “Article 6” of the deal.

They also hoped to send a message of intent, signalling to the wider world that the UN climate process remains relevant – and that it recognises the yawning gap between current progress and global goals to limit warming.

Ultimately, however, the talks were unable to reach consensus in many areas, pushing decisions into next year under “Rule 16” of the UN climate process. Matters including Article 6, reporting requirements for transparency and “common timeframes” for climate pledges were all punted into 2020, when countries are also due to raise the ambition of their efforts.

UN secretary general António Guterres said he was “disappointed” with the results of COP25 and that “the international community lost an important opportunity to show increased ambition on mitigation, adaptation & finance to tackle the climate crisis.”

The meeting was finally gavelled to a close at 1:55pm on Sunday. At nearly 44 hours after its scheduled end of 6pm on Friday, this means COP25 became the latest-ever finish by beating COP17 in Durban, which had finished at 6.22am on the Sunday.

Read the full summary of COP25.

Photo: IISD/Kiara Worth