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Navigating the UNFCCC
The UNFCCC provides the institutional and procedural framework through which nearly 200 Parties negotiate collective responses to climate change.
Its evolving architecture – from the Convention, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement to the COP, CMA, subsidiary bodies, constituted bodies, and negotiating groups – shapes how priorities are advanced and agreements are reached.
Formal rules, established practice, and the dynamics of consensus all influence the development and implementation of negotiated outcomes.
UNFCCC processes, negotiation structures, key bodies, procedural resources, and institutional information
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Climate Finance
Climate finance is central to the implementation of the Paris Agreement and to wider questions of ambition, equity, and responsibility within the negotiations.
Discussions span the provision and mobilisation of finance, access and delivery, the UNFCCC’s financial mechanisms and funds, and the relationship between public, private, domestic, and international finance.
Negotiations continue to shape the scale, quality, sources, and allocation of finance available to support developing countries.
Finance goals, UNFCCC funds and mechanisms, access, delivery, mobilisation, and tracking.
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Mitigation
Mitigation lies at the heart of efforts to hold the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.
Under the Paris Agreement, Parties set and progressively strengthen nationally determined contributions, while negotiations address collective progress, implementation, sectoral approaches, and international cooperation.
These discussions connect national action with the ambition and accountability of the wider multilateral process.
NDCs, mitigation ambition and implementation, global stocktake, Article 6, and sectoral action.
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Adaptation
Adaptation has become an increasingly prominent part of the multilateral climate agenda as countries respond to intensifying climate impacts and risks.
Under the Paris Agreement, Parties are working to strengthen adaptation action, support, and cooperation, including through national planning and the Global Goal on Adaptation.
Negotiations span questions of implementation, finance, assessment, reporting, and how collective progress towards greater resilience is understood and measured.
Global Goal on Adaptation, adaptation finance, implementation, reporting, and assessment.
In context
Complexity is expected
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